Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine and cuisine for thousands of years, but only in recent decades have they become the subject of in-depth scientific study. In biohacking, mushrooms are considered powerful natural adaptogens with the potential to enhance cognitive function, immunity, energy, and overall well-being.

1. Classification of Mushrooms by Their Effects on the Body

1.1. Neuroprotective Mushrooms

These mushrooms may support brain health, improve memory, and enhance cognitive abilities:

• Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) – stimulates the production of nerve growth factor (NGF), supports nerve cell regeneration, and reduces the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
• Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris) – increases energy levels, improves cellular oxygenation, which is beneficial for the brain and physical performance.

1.2. Immune-Modulating Mushrooms

These mushrooms enhance the body’s defense mechanisms:

• Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) – possesses strong antioxidant properties, protects cells from damage, and regulates immune response.
• Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) – contains lentinan, which boosts immune cell activity and may help fight viruses.
• Maitake (Grifola frondosa) – helps regulate blood sugar levels and supports immune function.

1.3. Adaptogenic Mushrooms

They help the body adapt to stress and increase endurance:

• Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) – known for its sedative, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties.
• Cordyceps – boosts ATP production, enhances physical performance, and combats fatigue.

1.4. Mushrooms with Potential Psychoactive Effects

Some mushrooms are studied for their impact on mood, consciousness, and mental health:

• Psilocybin Mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis, P. semilanceata) – interact with serotonin receptors, may reduce depression and anxiety, and promote neuroplasticity.
• Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) – contains muscarine and ibotenic acid; research on its potential therapeutic effects is still in its early stages.

2. Scientific Research and Evidence Base

Scientific studies on mushrooms are actively expanding, focusing on:

• Neuroprotection: Research shows that Hericium erinaceus promotes nerve cell regeneration.
• Antioxidant Properties: Chaga contains high levels of polyphenols and melanin, protecting cells from oxidative stress.
• Immune Modulation: Studies confirm that mushrooms like Reishi and Shiitake can modulate immune responses.
• Psychoactive Properties: Growing research on psilocybin shows its effectiveness in treating depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

3. Biohacking and Mushroom Integration into Diet

Modern biohackers actively use mushroom extracts and powders for:

• Enhancing brain function (Lion’s Mane, Cordyceps)
• Supporting immunity (Reishi, Chaga, Shiitake)
• Managing stress (Reishi, Cordyceps)
• Boosting energy (Cordyceps, Maitake)

4. Potential Risks and Contraindications

Despite their benefits, some mushrooms may have side effects or contraindications:

• Allergic reactions (Shiitake, Reishi)
• Potential toxicity (Fly Agaric, certain wild mushrooms)
• Drug interactions (Reishi may thin the blood, which can be dangerous when taking anticoagulants)

Mushrooms represent a powerful tool for supporting health, but their use requires a reasonable approach. Before incorporating mushroom supplements, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional and consider individual health conditions.