Modern science is rapidly moving toward individualized approaches in medicine, nutrition, and disease prevention. At the intersection of genetics, molecular biology, and nutrition science, a new field has emerged — nutrigenomics, closely linked to epigenetics. Together, they form the foundation for personalized nutrition, a core element of the Biohacking strategy aimed at optimizing health, longevity, and human performance.

At the same time, biohacking is a strategy for optimizing health based on data, technology, and the individual characteristics of the human body. Its core idea is that every person is unique, and therefore, standard dietary and lifestyle recommendations may be ineffective. Breakthroughs in nutrigenomics and epigenetics are opening up new frontiers for personalized nutrition, allowing us to take genetic and epigenetic individuality into account. This synthesis of science and practice is shaping a new paradigm in health management.

Nutrigenomics is a discipline at the crossroads of genetics and nutrition science. It explores how individual genetic traits affect a person’s response to various foods and nutrients.

Epigenetics studies how environmental factors — including diet — influence gene expression without changing the DNA sequence itself.

Nutrigenetics, a related subfield, focuses on how genes affect the absorption and requirement for nutrients — essentially the “reverse” side of nutrigenomics.

Nutrigenomics: nutrition as a regulator of gene activity

Nutrigenomics investigates how specific nutrients (vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds) influence gene expression, and how genetic variants (SNPs) determine individual responses to dietary inputs.

For example:

• People with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have impaired folate metabolism and require an active form of vitamin B9 (5-MTHF).

• The CYP1A2 gene determines caffeine metabolism speed: “slow metabolizers” may face an increased risk of hypertension from caffeine.

• Variants in the FTO gene are associated with a higher risk of obesity, which can be mitigated with a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

• The APOE gene, particularly the APOE4 allele, increases sensitivity to saturated fats, requiring dietary adjustments to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Nutrigenomics not only allows nutrition to be tailored to individual needs, but also helps prevent chronic conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Today’s advanced DNA tests already offer dietary recommendations based on genetic profiles. However, nutrigenomics is not limited to single-gene analysis — it considers systemic interactions. For instance, curcumin can modulate nuclear factor NF-κB activity, which is involved in inflammation, while resveratrol from red wine activates SIRT genes, which slow cellular aging.

Personalized nutrition in Biohacking

Biohacking leverages science and technology to optimize body and brain function. Within this strategy, personalized nutrition, informed by genetic and epigenetic data, plays a central role:

• Genetic testing identifies polymorphisms affecting metabolism, detoxification, antioxidant defenses, and food tolerances.

• A customized diet plan is developed to address vulnerabilities (e.g., increased need for antioxidants in SOD2 gene variants).

• Nutritional interventions are designed to influence key gene expressions (such as SIRT, AMPK, and mTOR pathways).

• Nutrition is integrated with biomonitoring (blood tests, microbiome data, ketones, etc.) and NFT/DAO infrastructure, such as the Health-to-Earn model.

The convergence of nutrigenomics, epigenetics, and personalized nutrition provides a science-based foundation for the next generation of biohacking. This represents a shift from a “one-size-fits-all” approach to precision nutritional therapy, designed not only to treat but to unlock a person’s full genetic potential for health and performance.